1
2
  -2024
  

(-: )
 : 3   : 50
:               
-
1.     : ,   
2.           
-
3.           
4.       
-
5. .          
6.                 
2
2
-
7.        
8.            
  -2024
  

(-: )
 : 3   : 50
:               
-
1.     : ,   
:   ,   
            ,     
       ,         
    ,             , ,
            
3
2
       
1. 
  
 ,                  
     ( )     ""    ""    ,
            ,       
   
  
  -         
    ( )    ,   (16 ),   (10 )
   (7 )
              
             
  
1. -      .
2. --     (    )    
3.  -            (  )  
       (16 )
(




,



)
  16                  
    
    " "            
    ,             
2. 
  
             -  ()   
""  "" ()  "" (  )    ,       
  
  
       
4
2
           :
1.   ( )
2.   ( )
3.
 ( )
            
               
     
   ?
       :
  ,   ,   ,   
1.    ( )-        
2.    ( )-        
3.    (
)-      
  
            
              
       ,      
    
  -          ,  -    (
),      ( ),   ,        ( ) 
,  ,         -    
3. 
  
                
        ,    (   ) 
  
  
     
  ()           
5
2
        
 ( )   
              
  
1.  -         (, , , , )   
2.          
3.  -        
      
(




,


)
                 
  
        
           
         
    
                    
       ,         
   
,     





  
  
 
   




 

   
 
  
 

  
,   
 
6
2





  
  
  

,                 
       :
     
         
      
        ,        , 
        ,        
       
2.           
:     
         ,       
       :  (   )   (   )  
    -   -       
                 16- 
()       -          
          ,      :


 ()
1
1, 2, 3, 4
   
2
5, 6, 7, 8
   
3
9, 10, 11, 12
   
4
13, 14, 15, 16
   
   ?
7
2
           ""       
                   
          (      
   )    
                
 
            
   
              :
  (  ):
(












)
 -  -  -  |  -  -  -  -  -  -  |  -  -  -  -  -  -  |  -  -  -  -  -
 -  |  -  -  - 
 ( 3   ):
(












)
       |            |            |     
  
1.   :
o =       ( + )
o  =  ()    
o  =       ()
o  =      ()
2.   :
o    "-"  "--"   -     
o               
3.  -  :
o  (  )         (  
)   
o         ,      
8
2
    
                  
   :
     :
(X)  -  -  -  |  -  -  - 
(2)  -  -  -  |  -  -  - 
(0)  -  -  -  |  -  -  - 
(3)  -  -  -  |  -  -  - 
  :
 -  -  -  -  -  -  |  -  -  -  - 
 -  -  -  -  -  -  |  -  -  -  - 
 -  -  -  -  -  -  |  -  -  -  - 
      :
(X) =   ()
(2) =   ()
(0) =  ()
(3) =   ()
    ?
1.     :
o                
 
2.      :
o              
3.        ():
o                
4.   :
o         ,       
       
9
2
        
1.   :
o        -    , - 

2.      :
o   (          
 )         
3.      :
o      ()       
4.    :
o     ,           
5.     :
o     -             
 

             ,     
     ()         ,  
       
             ,     
           
-
3.           
:       
           ,      
          ,         
                
( ) ,               
 ,   , , ,    -      
 
10
2
         
1.  
 
  8-  ,         8  ()     
          ,       
         
 ( )
     ( ) :
   |   
        :
 .
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 ()








     ,      
   
1.               
   
2.   , ,           ,    
     
3.              , ,
 ,           
4.    -   -       
  ,            
      
       , :
o



(  )
o


(   )
    ( )    , :
o




          
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2
   
          -      
   :
1.  -        
2.  -   ,      
3.  -          
2.  
 
  6-  ,          6  ()   
       ,   -        
 ( )
     :
   |   
        :
 .
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 ()

  




     ,        
   
1.       6   ,         
   
2.               ,  
      
3. -         , ,  
     
4.        -         ,  
       
      
    -        , :
o





(  )
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2
         :
o




o




 -         ,  ,   
 
   
1.  -        
2.  -           
     

 
 
  
8
6
 
  
  
  
,   
,   

, , , 
, , ,  

  


                 
        (8 )        ,  
,           ,   (6 ) 
        ,   ,   -    

        ,           
            ,       ,
            
13
2
4.       
::   
                   -
 ( )   ( ) -           
     ,            
        
    
        :
"" ()    ""
""    ""  ""
        ,          
      ,   (), -     
                  
   
  
  12  ()  ,  -     ()    
                

     :
 () 
 ()
 / 
1


2

-
3

 ( )
4

-
5

 ( )
6

-
7

 ( )
8

-
14
2
 () 
 ()
 / 
9


10

-
11

 ( )
12

-
  :
"" ()                
 
""  ""  ,     
            
   ()
      ,        ,     :
󷵻󷵼󷵽󷵾-|   |   |   |   |  
              
 () →       ( )     ,  
( )     
            
 ()    ( )     
           ,    

    
               
 :
1.             
2.    -            
    
3.                
 
15
2
4.   ,               
    
      

 (12 )
 (16 )
 (10 )
  
( )
12
16
10
  
()
6
4
4
 
   
 
- 
 
 
 ( )
 
 
 
 ( )
9 
9 
6 
    ()
    ()     :
1.   ( )-         ,  
 
2.   ( ) -    -     
3.
 ( )-        
      ,     ,      
      
 12-    
      12-         
 :
 (     )
  (    7- )
      ,         , 
,              
16
2

              12-  
,             , 
       ,           
     
     ,             ,
         
-
5. .          
:        

            ,    ,  
                  
                 
                  
   
     ,             
   
   
           ,          
           ,       
    ()  ,           
 
         ,       
                ,
           
   
           ,     
        :
17
2
1.    -      ,    
                
     
2.          ,   
               
  
3.              
,              
   
              ,  
           ,          
     
   
         ,          
                ,
      
      :
 -              
        
           - 
        
          ,   
      
                
       
                  

1.      -           
 ,              
          
2.     -           
                
18
2
           ,     
  
   
     ,            
             , :
    
   ()
  
      
                  
    
.                  
              
              
  
  
           
        ,       

  
    ,             
 :
             
  
               
    

    -       -   
    ,   
    
   
                  
  ,           
      
                  -
 
19
2

        ,        
  ,                
   ,      ,       
 
                   
                  

6.                 
:               
    
         ,          
 - ( ) ,          
              ()    , 
      
  ,             ,    
    
   (16 )
 ():







      
(16           )
  :
1.          
2. "  "           
3. " "  " "          
4.   " "          
20
2
  ( 1)









       
:
   " "        ,     

          
  ( 2)








       
:
  " "       
           
              
 ( )







             
:
         ,      (   )
  
    ""      
              
 
        :

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
 ()














































21
2
 (
)














 (
)














 (
)








                
 ()         ,      
          ,   ,   
         
   -     -         
          
-
7.        
:       
  
      ,           
 ,  ,        -   , 
  -           ,   
    
   (  )
        :
1.     ,       
2.     ,   :
o  ( )
o  ( )
22
2
o  ( )
o   ( )
o  ()
o  ()
o  ()
o  ( )
(














?)
     
1.  ( )
  ,      
   ,                
   (       )  
      ,            
  
2.  ( )
  ,     
              
      ,       
3.  ( )
             (     )  

     ()         
          
4.   ( )
  ,          ,    

  (  )  / (  )   
        
23
2
5.  ()
    
               
             
6.  ()
   ,        
          
7.  ()
                
        ,       
8.  ( )
                
            
  
       ,              

   ( )  ,     ( ) 
        ,  "", "", "", "", "",  ""
   

                  
                
   ,   ,            
8.            
:          
   :    ,        
  ( )     16-  ,      16  () 
               
    
24
2
  :
 ():16
 (): 4
  :4
 ():,   13 
 ():9 
      :
     ( )      

 ()
1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

25
2

 ()
16

   
            ,    -    
    :
1.   ( ,   1 )
2.   ( , 2   )
3.   ( ,   3 )
  ,                 16 
 ,    48   (16 × 3 = 48)      ,     
   
    (   )
     ( )     
   ()          :

  (  3 )
1
  
2
  
3
  
4
  
5
  
6
  
7
  
8
  
9
  
10
  
26
2

  (  3 )
11
  
12
  
13
  
14
  
15
  
16
  
      
        ,           ( )
      ( ),           ,  
    ( ),            
 ,              ,    
   
      ( )
   ,        :
  :
 ( ): X
 (): 2, 3, 4
 (): 0
   : (-)  
    :
     
X -- -- -- -- |
2 -- -- -- -- |
0 -- -- -- -- |
3 -- -- -- -- ||
       ,         
27
2
      
1.   
        ,       
        ()       

2. () 
       (  )       
    ()      
         
1.    ,            ( )
 
2.    :             
3.   :        () 
4. -   :         
5.     :    ( )       
    

                  
       ,         
    ,               
:             ( )      
       ,              